Types of Transact-SQL Table Objects

There are Five Types of Transact-SQL Table Objects

#	Type	Scope
1	Standard Table	Available within the system until explicitly deleted
2	Temporary Table	Available within the system while the current database session is open
3	Table Variable	Available within a script while the current batch is executing
4	Derived Table	Available within a statement while the current statement is executing
5	View	Available within the system until explicitly deleted

Note: 

• Derived Tables are select Statements in from clause, referred by an alias name.
• CTE (Common table expression) is a type of derived table.

Diffence between Table Variable and Temp Table

#.	Table Variable	Temp Table
1	It stored in primary memory(ie. in RAM)	It stored in system database(ie. In msdb)
2	It has batch scope only, ie. Till the current t-sql stmt to be execute	It has the scope till the query window close, In case of local temp table and has the scope till all the SSMS query windows close in case of global temp table
3	Table variables can’t use within select into clause	Temp tables can be used within select into clause
4	Table variables gives better performance than temp table, because they stores in primary memory (ie. In RAM)	Temp tables not gives better performance than table variables, because it stores in hard disk
5	We can’t explicitly drop the table variables	We can explicitly drop the temp tables

Difference between UNION and UNION ALL ?

UNION and UNION ALL both are used to combine the results sets into one single results set, But following are the difference between the both operators.

#.	UNION	UNION ALL
1	UNION removes duplicate records from the two or more results sets	UNION ALL doen’t remove duplicate records from the two or more results sets
2	UNION  Sorts the data from the results sets	UNION ALL doesn’t Sorts the data from the results sets
3	By compare with union all, union is much less performance. Because of it must scan the result for duplicates	UNION ALL performance is more comparing with UNION

SET Operators in T-SQL

Set Operators :

It is used to combine multiple results sets into one single result set.

There are 3 set operators in T-SQL
1) UNION/UNION ALL
2) EXCEPT
3) INTERSECT

UNION/UNION ALL :
----------------------------
It is used to combine two or more result sets into one single result set by with or without duplicates
(ie, UNION doesn't allow null values, but UNION ALL allows null values)

Example:
<<ResultSet>>
UNION or UNION ALL
<<ResultSet>>


 EXCEPT:
------------
It takes the data from one result set where there is no matching in another result set.

Example:
<<ResultSet>>
EXCEPT
<<ResultSet>>

 INTERSECT:
----------------
It takes the data from the result sets which are in common

Example:
<<ResultSet>>
INTERSECT
<<ResultSet>>